Masonry
Cleaning and Sealing. It's hard to imagine
that anything as small as a drop of water could wreck havoc on something
as solid as a brick and mortar, a piece of stone or a slab of concrete. But constant
exposure to water, and especially to winter's freeze and thaw cycles, can
damage or destroy masonry surfaces in a surprisingly short amount of time.
The answer is to seal
the masonry's porous surfaces against the intrusion of water. For most masonry
surfaces - brick, stone or ceramic tile - a masonry sealer is the proper
choice. Depending on the type of masonry sealer, some will also work to
seal concrete slabs. The sealer also
helps to protect against buildups of dirt, oil, grease and markings from
automobile tires. Masonry sealers are not intended for use on asphalt,
glazed ceramic tile or on wooden surfaces.
Sealers also come in
different surface "sheens." depending on the look you want. While all of
them are clear, some types dry to a completely flat sheen and leave the
surface looking unsealed. Other types dry to a glossy "wet" look, and the
depth of the gloss increases with each application. There are also
semi-gloss sheens that are in between flat and glossy. The choice of how
glossy you want the finished surface is typically one of personal
preference - however, with some types of sealers the glossier the product
is the more abrasion resistant properties it has.
Cleaning brickwork. During the life of a building its
brick walls may need to be cleaned on several occasions, the first occurring
even before it goes into service when the general dirt and dust of
construction, including mortar splashed or smeared on the bricks as a result
of the bricklaying procedure, have to be removed. A second cleaning will
sometimes be necessary to remove efflorescence. Because mortar must be wet
to render it plastic for bricklaying, brickwork becomes damp in the course
of construction. As it subsequently dries, the moisture, in which the
various salts derived from mortar and bricks have been dissolved, moves to
the wall surface to evaporate, leaving a deposit of salts, usually as a
white coating on the bricks.
When the brick walls will next need
to be cleaned depends on the amount of soiling they receive in service, and
this is governed by the nature of the atmosphere to which they are exposed.
A brick farmhouse, for example, may well retain its original appearance over
a century of service because of a relatively unpolluted atmosphere. In
contrast, the brick walls of a building located in an industrial area with a
highly polluted atmosphere may be dirty after only a decade or so of
service. This Digest presents basic information on methods of cleaning brick
walls and outlines some of the problems that can be encountered.
Other Reasons for Cleaning
Brickwork. The need to clean brickwork may
arise from many causes other than those resulting from atmospheric
pollution: stains from metals, particularly iron and copper used in
conjunction with brickwork, and growth of lichens, moss and other
vegetation. Cleaning may be necessary to remove efflorescence that forms as
a result of excessive dampness resulting from some abnormal local condition,
for example, spillage of water from a defective drain or rising dampness
from earth in contact with the wall.
After Cleaning. The main consideration in cleaning
brickwork is usually its improved appearance, but another benefit may often
be the uncovering of faults such as cracks and decayed material that should
be repaired. In addition, repairs are best made to a clean wall,
particularly if one wishes to obtain a good color match between new and old
work.
Conclusions. Cleaning of brickwork at regular
intervals is desirable as a means of prolonging its life, and it is often
wise to establish a definite schedule of cleaning. Simply washing with water
and scrubbing lightly at intervals of two or three years is frequently all
that is necessary to maintain it. various cleaning materials and methods are
available, but in making a selection consideration must be given not only to
the effectiveness of the method but also to the hazards involved and to
possible adverse effects
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